Who Lived On Earth Before Human?

    A Research On Human Civilization  

 Hello, friends. We have got off all the things that we all agree with. We are probably the most advanced civilization in the world. As far as the exoplanets are concerned, we are probably also the only intelligent life form in this entire universe. But what if we are getting people from the future? Some of our people were also present in the past.

Well, this is called the Silurian Hypothesis, which, in 2019, Gavin Smith and Adam Frank proposed in order to make us realize that we are on the cusp of our advanced civilizations, which are so ignorant and self-obsessed.

We basically agree with the fact that past civilizations could have never been so advanced. Therefore, there’s no possibility of being judged that the past advanced civilizations' fossil records may be unnoticeable. I mean, just imagine—tomorrow, our entire humanity will become a part of a natural calamity. What do you think? After 100-200 million years, how many chances will future advanced civilizations have to survive in our existence?

Or even beyond that, how would we be able to be an advanced civilization? I know a lot of people will say that we have made so many great man-made megastructures. We've accomplished bringing even more than that—none of the wonderful and degradable constructs of our world—mainly because Earth's tectonic plates are always shifting.

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Israel's Negev Desert is a large-scale exposed land surface, which is at least 1.8 million years old. All the other ancient land surfaces were destroyed by the Earth. Now, if we look at some small ancient surfaces because of further tectonic shifting, the second reason that pops up is that fossilization is an extremely rare phenomenon.

A common person might think that fossilization is common—that some of the dead remains fossilize—but it's not like that. Think about yourself. Today, it has been around 66-70 million years since the late Cretaceous period, when T-Rex was the dominant species. Almost everywhere, they were spread across the globe. Their population was about 2.5 billion, and before they were spread across the globe, at least 1.27 million generations were spread. But after so many bones, teeth, and diseases, how many fossils do you think there are today? Well, just 32. I'm not even kidding. That’s one T-Rex fossil for every 80 million T-Rex.

Apart from fossils, there are different layers of land, ancient ice, water, and even after studying the movements of tectonic plates, archaeologists study the history of Earth. But fossils are made up of organic things, which is basically carbon. As bones are converted into organic materials, there are many specific conditions. What are the chances we get fossilized evidence from 100 million years ago? And if we think from a different perspective, what are the chances that 100 million years from now, future archaeologists will find our fossils?

Our total population today is around 8 billion, but we only have 14.6% land. Until now, we have modified our infrastructure or agricultural practices, which covers just around 18.5 million square kilometers—just slightly bigger than Russia. And from above, our organic materials are not as abundant. We don’t even have as much land that would survive 100-200 million years to create a record of our existence. And the same goes for our time span. So, we’ve only been around for 3 million years on Earth, and our technological advancement and plastic use, which we talk about, is still quite new—only around 300 years.

To put all this into perspective, from today to 200 million years, Earth’s added soil layers could have obscured evidence of our existence. These clues could be nearly unnoticeable for the next civilization. If you’ve seen fossil records, after 200 million years, even we wouldn’t exist for them. So, all civilizations will need something indirect to prove our existence in the future. But how?

Well, actually, in the mid-18th century, humans began creating fossil fuels. At that time, they released carbon into the air and water, which can be an important clue for future generations. Why? Because, yes, Earth has experienced global warming many times due to volcanic eruptions. However, volcanic eruptions release carbon dioxide, which has heavier isotopes, like C13. This is not the same as fossil fuels, which are made from living organisms. The carbon in fossil fuels mostly consists of C12, which is lighter and more readily absorbed by plants and organisms.

So, all future generations will need to do is use global warming events to estimate a timeline and study ancient air bubbles trapped in ice cores. If they find a disproportionate amount of C13 and C12, it could be a sign that fossil fuels, not natural causes, were responsible for global warming during that particular period.

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In case you're wondering how we can estimate global warming timelines, look to ancient air and water. Oysters, for example, preserve two stable oxygen isotopes, O16 and O18, which play a big role in tracing global warming. During periods of global warming, the ratio of O16 to O18 changes, and oysters grow calcium carbonate shells that record this shift. If future scientists study these shells, they can determine if a period of global warming occurred.

But wait a minute—would future civilizations have enough data to prove our existence? Well, in scientific studies, there’s no such thing as “enough data.” Extra pieces of information can support a hypothesis, leading to predictions and mathematical conclusions. In our case, the next clue might come from unusual sedimentological records.

For example, because of artificial fertilizers, nitrogen is put into rainfalls, which then dissolves into coastal waters, causing hypoxia—low oxygen or anoxia, where no oxygen exists. Recently, the Gulf of Mexico's coastal area has formed a dead zone due to human activity. Though this dead zone is useless today, in the future, our history might be preserved in these layers.

In such dead zones, bioturbation—mixing of soil layers by organisms—could help keep evidence intact for millions of years. Things like non-naturally occurring synthetics, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), or rare elements like gold, nickel, platinum, and even radioactive elements like plutonium-244, could serve as markers. If these elements are found in a single layer in greater quantities than expected, it would clearly indicate the presence of an advanced civilization.

So, what did we learn? Future civilizations trying to prove our advancement should focus on four major things:

1.      The C12/C13 isotope ratio.

2.      Oceanic calcium carbonate with O18, which directly relates to global warming.

3.      Water bodies and oxygen levels leading to anoxia.

4.      The presence of rare synthetic elements and compounds.

Do you think the Silurian Hypothesis is an effective method to find advanced life forms? Or should we focus more on extraterrestrial life? Let me know in the comments!