"Retrocausality in Quantum Physics: Can the Future Affect the Past?"

 

Topics Covered:

1. Introduction to Retrocausality

   • Explanation of the concept
   • The idea of effect occurring before cause

2. Historical Context: The Bohr-Einstein Debate

   • Overview of the 5th Solvay Conference (1927)
   • Einstein’s deterministic views vs. Bohr’s quantum mechanics approach
   • The impact of Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle

3. The Double-Slit Experiment and Wave-Particle Duality

   • Thomas Young’s experiment
   • Louis de Broglie’s contribution to quantum mechanics
   • Heisenberg’s principle and quantum probabilities

4. Einstein’s Challenge: The EPR Paradox

   • Collaboration with Rosen and Podolsky
   • Concept of quantum entanglement and non-locality
   • John Bell’s theorem proving Einstein wrong

5. John Wheeler’s Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser Experiment

   • Setup and execution of the experiment
   • The role of quantum entanglement
   • Observations suggesting retrocausality

6. Implications of Retrocausality

   • Super-determinism and predestined events
   • Information paradoxes and time loop issues
   • Conflicts with the second law of thermodynamics
   • Challenges to Einstein’s special theory of relativity

7. Debunking the Retrocausality Claim

   • Copenhagen Interpretation and quantum physics fundamentals
   • Flaws in the Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser Experiment
   • The role of cherry-picking in scientific studies

8. The Importance of Scientific Skepticism

   • Data fudging and misinformation in research
   • The need for first-principles thinking
   • Scientific consensus vs. individual experiments

9. Conclusion & Further Exploration

• Encouragement to question data and sources critically
• Introduction to Planck’s length as a new topic for discussion.

******************************************

Hello friends, hope you are doing well, and just imagine a seen. As you can imag, the blue team can see the pieces of the building colliding with each other and then there is a blast. That is, the effect is being observed before its cause.

This is called Physicist Retrocausality. Now, you know what is the weirdest thing about this phenomenon? As unbelievable as it seems, some theoretical physicists believe that this concept is possible in our real world as well. Yes, you won't believe, this is an experiment which repeatedly proves that our future affects our past.

This mean, just imagine, which job you will do in the future is affecting which school you went to in the past. Or even, which city you live in. It sounds like a myth, right? But a similar version of reality has been proved in the experiment.

Not once, but repeatedly. After knowing this, you will also lose faith in your common sense. But don't worry, I will explain this concept to you in a very simple language.

In the form of a story, from the very beginning, which will also clear the basics of your quantum theory. So don't leave it in the middle at all, otherwise you will grow old without understanding the true nature of reality. Like, take the discovery of this concept.

Ideally, when any scientist gives a theory, after that, there is a debate on it. But this is such a concept, in which about a century ago, two big physicists, Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein, had a famous debate. And both of their supporters, to support their idols, started presenting new theories.

One of which was retrocausality. In this debate, there was a 16-year-old genius, who was going to become the father of modern general relativity in the future. And yes, he was going to do such a research, which would prove with evidence, that the future affects the past.

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His name was John Wheeler. John Wheeler was going to bring a storm in the scientific community. And how? You will know later.

Now wait, let me explain to you, what debate I am talking about. Look, do you all remember this famous photo? Well, you must have seen this photo sometime before. Actually, in the year 1927, at the Solvay Institute in Brussels, Belgium, 29 best physicists from all over the world, went to attend a famous physics conference, called the 5th Solvay Conference.

And look, these are the stairs of that Solvay Institute, where that picture was taken. In this photo, you can see, Bohr, Einstein, Erwin Schrodinger, Louis de Broglie, Max Planck, Marie Curie, you can see many such famous faces. But, now ask yourself, what is common in all of them? Well, in short, if I say, it is their contribution towards quantum mechanics.

Now, quantum mechanics, as you all know, studies the working of small subatomic particles. Like, take Marie Curie for example, she was the first to find out, that radioactivity does not arise due to the arrangement of atoms, but due to something going on inside it, that is, at the subatomic level. And you must already know about Einstein, that he was awarded the Nobel Prize, for his discovery of the photoelectric effect.

In which, he proved that electrons are emitted when light falls on metal, and electricity is generated. So, this was the reason, that all of them were called to Brussels, so that, through their discussions, all of us, atoms, electrons, molecules, photons, etc, could understand the working of all of them, and get deep perspectives, from the scientific community. Now, that's a different thing, that in today's date, this 5th Solvay Conference, is mainly known for only one thing, the debate in which, Einstein lost to Bohr.

So, actually, something happened, that in the 1700s, Newton proposed, that light travels in the form of particles. But, in the early 1800s, a physicist named Thomas Young, for the first time, performed a famous experiment, called the Double Slit Experiment. And in that, he found out, that light actually shows dual nature, that is, duality.

In this experiment, basically, he passed a light beam through two slits. And when on the screen behind those slits, he saw such an interference pattern, then he concluded that, light is made up of particles, but those particles travel in the form of a wave. Now, after this discovery, almost a century passed by, and in the year 1924, that is, just 3 years before the conference, physicist Louis de Broglie proved, that not only light, but all the particles, be it electrons, quarks, bosons, whatever, all of them show this wave-particle duality, at the most fundamental level.

Now, friends, up to this point, everyone's concept was clear. No one had any problem understanding quantum mechanics. But then, the year the conference took place, that same year, another famous physicist, Heisenberg, proposed his Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.

Because of which, later, retro causality came into the picture. Actually, according to this principle, the speeds at which these photons and electrons, like small subatomic particles, travel, you can either measure their speed, or their location. Like, for example, let's say there's a river, and in it, water flows as waves.

Now, in such a situation, if you want to measure the speed of those waves, then you'll have to count how many waves pass in a second in front of you. Now, this method has a major problem, that by doing this, you can't tell the location of a single wave. If you want to know the location of a single wave, then you'll have to take a picture of the flow of water, and in that, there's another problem, that it won't give you the information about the speed.

So, all in all, because of this uncertainty principle, which was proposed by Heisenberg, it was concluded that, at the quantum level, all particles exist as a wave of possibilities, and just by observing them, they take a form. They start appearing as a particle, which has definite properties. Before that, they are just waves of possibilities.

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Now, obviously, Einstein had a hard time understanding this, because Einstein always believed in a deterministic perspective. All his theories were rooted in classical physics, which is based on a deterministic viewpoint. So, for him, this possibility of probability in the unfolding of the universe, was a very weird thing, which he wasn't ready to digest.

And the second implication of this was, that till now, no matter how much he understood the atoms and their subatomic particles, and his photoelectric theory, all of this is incomplete. So, Einstein, in this very conference, failed to prove Heisenberg's uncertainty principle completely wrong. In this very debate, Niels Bohr jumped in later, and he mathematically proved that the interference pattern that we see in the double slit experiment, is due to the wave nature of the particles.

But, if you observe the particles with detectors before reaching the screen, it is a very weird and magical thing, that on the screen, instead of the interference pattern, you will see a dotted pattern, a particular pattern. As if the particles have left their wave nature and have taken a definite form. Now, for the past 5 days, despite his continuous efforts, Einstein couldn't find any mistake in Bohr's equation.

Finally, Niels Bohr won that debate. He defeated Einstein. Now, maybe, you found the story interesting, but you must be thinking, where does retro-causality come in this? Well, it hasn't come yet, but it will start coming from here.

Because, Einstein was a physicist who wasn't one of those who gave up easily. After the Nazi aggression in Germany, Einstein shifted to the USA, and started working in Princeton University. Here, he met two prominent scientists, Nathan Rosen and Boris Podolsky.

Then, these three worked on the same project and came up with a paradox, famously called the EPR Paradox. And from that, a major flaw emerged in Bohr's theory. He basically said through a thought experiment that if there is a source particle that doesn't spin, and it turns into two new spinning particles, then according to the law of conservation of angular momentum, both those particles will have to show an equal and opposite spin to each other, so that the total spin cancels out and the value of the spin matches the value of the parent particle.

Now, this means that according to Einstein, if we keep these two particles away from each other, then even though they exist as a single wave of multiple possibilities, but if we observe one, the other's spin should instantly reverse. Otherwise, the law of conservation of momentum will break. And on top of that, if we say that the particle we observed can inform the other, then again, for that, information will have to travel at the speed of light and another law of the universe will break.

Now, a few years later, John Bell's inequality theorem proved that Einstein was ultimately wrong and Niels Bohr was right. But here, our story will take a very big turn because a great scientist of that time had proved something that all the famous scientists were shocked to see. Forget Einstein, forget Niels Bohr, welcome John Wheeler.

John Wheeler experimentally, practically proved that the events of the future can affect the past and are doing so. And at that time, no theory had an explanation The name of this experiment was Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser Experiment So, what did John Wheeler basically do? Like an ordinary double slit experiment, he first placed two thin slits in front of a light beam so that the photons of light have to choose which slits to pass through. Now, at such a time, when the photons have to choose a path between two paths, they show their weird behavior and pass through both slits at the same time.

So, the implication of this would be that if a detector finds out about the path of a photon, it will take the form of a particle and show a particle pattern like this on the screen. And if the detector doesn't know which slit the photon came from, it will show an interference pattern like this and maintain its wave form. I hope this is clear to all of you.

Now, after this, John Wheeler placed a photon in front of those two slits and placed a BBO i.e. Beta Barium Borate Crystal in front of it. Now, in this experiment, if there is a main detector, let's say detector 1, and some extra detectors, let's say detector 2, 3, and 4, then a quantum-entangled counterpart of each photon that reaches detector 1 will also reach the other detectors. Now, why is this important? Because if we see a pattern on detector 1, then we should also see the same pattern on detector 1. Because both are quantum-entangled pairs.

Because in this experiment, Wheeler set detector 1 and detector 4 in such a way that the photons of both slits combined and reached them. And that's why the detectors couldn't find out which photon came from which slit. I.e. their path information gets erased, which simply means they will show the wave-like interference pattern.

And on the other hand, they set detector 2 and 3 in such a way that the photons of slit 1 go directly to detector 2, and the photons of slit 2 go directly to detector 3. Meaning, detector 2 and 3 will easily find out which slit the photons reach, i.e. they know the path information and therefore, these detectors will always show the particle pattern. So, now that you know the whole setup, and you also know that the quantum-entangled counterpart of every photon reaching detector 2, 3 and 4 goes to detector 1, let me ask you a common-sense question. Normally, detector 1 shows the wave-like interference pattern like detector 4. So, should it start showing when detector 2 and 3 are activated? Now, I know, you must be thinking that since the photons reaching them are quantum-entangled, then yes, this should happen.

Detector 1 should change its wave pattern and show the particle pattern. But, think again. Because, exactly at this moment, Wheeler added a twist.

He placed detector 1 a little closer to the slits than the other 3 detectors. Meaning, the photons reach it first, and then later, to the other detectors. And so, irrespective of if detector 2 and 3 know the path of the photons reaching them, detector 1 has already made its decision.

And it can't change it, right? But, guess what? As soon as we see the particle pattern on detector 2 and 3, we come to know that detector 1 has also shown the same. Somehow, the information of photons detected on the detectors is going back in time to where the photons are split into quantum-entangled pairs. And it is going towards detector 1. And it is telling the photons what pattern it has to show.

So, essentially, information is travelling from the future to the past and affecting the decision of the past. Or, simply put, the effect is happening before the cause, because of which physicists called this newly discovered concept as retrocausality. So, now you can understand how groundbreaking this experiment was and its implications at what level.

The way we see the world, in which we see the arrow of time going in the same direction, from past to future, it raised a question. How did our earth form? How did the Big Bang happen? It sounds absurd, right? And it will create a lot of paradoxes. Well, if retrocausality really exists, then for our universe, it can have at least 3 major implications.

First, super-determinism. Proof of retrocausality means that everything happening in the universe is already predetermined or simply decided. So, basically, the sequence of events is already set, but all those events in the universe are being played like a tape record which can be played forward or reverse like a movie record.

Then number 2, information paradoxes like grandfather paradox will be created. Because if A created B, and B killed C, then if C killed A, then if we play time from future to past, then the sequence of events can never be conserved. Because A was killed by C in the future, so how can he give birth to B in the past? And if B didn't come into the world, then how can C come into the world? Third, the second law of thermodynamics will also break, which says that entropy, i.e. information, always increases with time.

So here, basically, we are going backwards in terms of information, which the law of thermodynamics does not allow. Fourth, Einstein's special theory of relativity also proves that it is impossible to go backwards in time. This theory will also be destroyed.

That is, in short, all the core concepts of science that we understand so far, will have a question mark on everyone's legitimacy. And that's why, friends, for me personally and for our team, believing that this is really true was extremely difficult. Despite this topic, I  have written many contents that all conclude this experiment as legit.

But guys, as I remind you again and again that in life, be truly rational and don't accept anyone's hearsay until you fully agree logically. Because superstition is not only possible in religions, but you can also get superstition in science. And that's why it's always important to get to the bottom of the matter.

So my team and I were not completely satisfied and that's why we started doing more deep research, after which we discovered something after which we understood the whole game, boss. There were some things that everyone missed, but they were very consistent with the most trusted model of quantum physics, Copenhagen Interpretation. So what John Wheeler said that information can travel in the past, that is 100% true.

Well, in the Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser Experiment, we found two fundamental flaws. So let's get started. The first flaw is that in these experiments, as soon as a photon passes through a BBO crystal, it basically breaks into two quantum entangled photons with less but equal energy.

Now, it's not weird, provided that quantum eraser experiments were mainly based on quantum entanglement. But you see, in these experiments, the double slit is placed before the BBO crystal. That is, as soon as it passes through the crystal, this information-giving photon does not remain from the slit And because of this, no matter what, you will see the same pattern on every detector, the non-interference pattern Now, obviously, the question here is why is the interference pattern visible in some cases? So the answer to this is the second major flaw of this experiment.

Actually, some physicists say that in this experiment, photons of slit 1 are detected on detector 2 and on detector 3, photons of slit 2 are detected. So naturally, the wave function of these photons collapses. And they show their respective detectors, plus detector 1, their particle nature as a non-interference pattern.

But, one second, if I want to compare detector 2's observations with detector 1, then obviously, I have to ignore from detector 1, where by the way, the photons of both slits reach to match the pattern. But, if I have to ignore the photons of slit 2 just to match the observations, then this is cherry-picking. How did this retro-causality happen? And to verify this confusion, some physicists carefully studied the observations of these quantum eraser experiments.

And what they found out was shocking. If you place the observations of detector 2 and detector 3 on top of each other, then the same pattern is formed which is formed on detector 1 and 4 without cherry-picking. In a way, we can say that the same pattern is formed But, in the previous experiment, by cherry-picking, the side of the story was being presented.

So, in short, no information needs to go to the past and this is not even happening. Now, friends, this experiment teaches us a very important thing. In science, we should never forget that many times, to prove something out of the world, scientists use data interpretation according to their convenience and a picture is painted which makes them famous.

This is called cherry-picking of data. Here, by a good chance, something similar happened by those experimenters who are proving that the future is affecting the past and no one had a valid explanation for it. Now, this is nothing.

In the scientific community, there are many more cases which are called data-fudging or data-fabrication where researchers fake their data and statistics to support their theory. And the worst part is, it is not even rare because scientists get a lot of career incentives for doing this. For example, a case was highlighted a few months ago and look at the irony, guys.

The biggest irony of this case was that a researcher who was researching on honesty, his research paper was unpublished due to fraud and data fabrication. So, the scientist who was researching on honesty turned out to be dishonest. Now, I will put some links in the description which will give you an in-depth perspective on this topic.

So, friends, to avoid all this, always remember two things. 1. Always start with the first principle. Try to understand the concepts fundamentally.

2. In the science community, always give more weightage to consensus. Because the concepts in which most of the scientists agree are usually more than the number of experiments and observations proved and widely accepted. It defines the position of the entire science community more accurately.

They have done thousands of repeated experiments and there is always a chance of data-fudging in non-consensus theories. Now, if you are a scientist, things can be a little different here because you have to think beyond consensus and you have to perform honest experiments to see whether your thinking is right or not. But for viewers, following this path can misguide them.

And finally, friends, I would like to give you a small realization. You must be following a lot of influencers, politicians, media outlets and they must be telling you a lot of data to back your perspective. Now, think about this.

If a scientist is getting stuck in data-fudging and data-misinterpretation to prove his theories, then just try to imagine what it must be like outside the science field. I am talking about news, media, influencers, businesses, politicians, etc. So, always have a rational mindset.T

Try to understand things fundamentally. Now, , in this content, you have studied the smallest particles in the universe. But do you know what is the smallest measuring length which is smaller than subatomic particles? Well, have you heard about Planck's length? If you haven't, then Planck's length is the smallest measurement which is so small that even an atom in front of it is as big as the earth.

But this measurement is extremely important in physics. And why is it so? I have already written a detailed content on this, which you can click link and read. If you have learned anything new by reading this post, follow and comment is my reward..

Keep learning, keep growing, and take care.

Extra Dosage ;-

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