Theia's Remains: The Mysterious Blobs Beneath Earth’s Surface

"A Hidden World Under The  Earth"

Topics Covered:

1. **Discovery of the Blobs**  

   - Accidental discovery of two continent-sized structures beneath Africa and the Pacific.  

   - Initial studies in seismology that led to the findings.  

2. **Scientific Investigation & Theories**  

   - Seismic wave studies and their role in mapping Earth's interior.  

   - Connection between hotspots, mantle plumes, and the blobs.  

   - The role of tectonic activity in shaping Earth's interior.  

3. **The Theia Hypothesis**  

   - The theory that the blobs are remnants of Theia, a hypothesized planet.  

   - The Moon-forming collision 4.5 billion years ago.  

   - The blobs’ composition and their alignment with Earth's rotation.  

4. **Evidence & Challenges**  

   - Computer simulations supporting the Theia hypothesis.  

   - Limitations of current lunar sample data.  

   - The potential role of NASA’s Artemis mission in confirming the theory.  

5. **Future Research & Scientific Methodology**  

   - How scientists plan to compare lunar samples with hotspot lava rocks.  

   - The significance of isotopic analysis in proving the blobs' origins.  

6. **The Bigger Picture in Science**  

   - The importance of scientific reasoning and logical problem-solving.  

   - How scientific discoveries impact our understanding of Earth's history.  

7. **Related Geological Concerns**  

   - The possible splitting of the Indian tectonic plate.  

   - Future risks to the Himalayan region.

There are remains of another planet in the earth. Yes, these remains are like two boulders of a continent. And some scientists claim that these are the remains of an alien planet, Theia.

In fact, 30-40 years ago, when scientists were studying earthquakes, they accidentally found two large pieces of a continent-sized stone under the African and Pacific Oceans. Which were completely different from the stones of the earth. Now, the question was, how did these huge stones reach the core of the earth? And then, a claim was made by the geophysicist of Caltech University, Qian Yuan and his team.

That yes, these are really the remains of an alien planet. And they have evidence to prove it. Now, ideally, if someone claims with so much confidence, then most often, they have valid evidence.

Because this is the scientific methodology to prove their claim. But then, just think, what could this geophysicist have shown as evidence? I mean, the blobs that he is describing as aliens, are in the depths of the earth, almost near the core of the earth. Where no one has been able to reach before, nor can they reach today.

And the alien planet that is being connected to Theia is a hypothetical planet. Which is said to have collided with the earth 4.5 billion years ago. That means, neither these scientists have samples of that blob, nor of that hypothetical planet named Theia.

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So, I'll ask again, can their research be believed? Also, how can huge blobs exist in the earth without unstable its rotation? And how did scientists find out about its existence in the first place? Now, honestly, whenever we work on such topics, many times we have to face such myths, misconceptions and rumors. But we have always tried to put aside all these rumors and myths, and bring a logical conclusion in front of you, which is based on scientific evidence. And we used the same thinking and method on this topic as well.

We started from its base, from its fundamentals. So, first things first, how did scientists find these huge blobs near the core of the earth? Well, here comes a very interesting story. So, in the beginning, the goal of the scientists was not to find huge blobs under the earth.

In fact, at that time, they were trying to solve an unanswered mystery. So, the story begins in the 1960s. In just 3 years, about 8 volcanoes erupted on the US Hawaiian Islands.

Now, normally, frequent volcanic eruptions occur only where two tectonic plates collide with each other, that is, on the boundaries of the tectonic plates. And this is because when two tectonic plates collide with each other, the temperature and pressure inside the earth increases, and the magma present there comes out in the form of volcanoes. But you can see how far Hawaii Island is from its nearest tectonic plate boundary.

So, logically, the first question is, why are these two mountains, Mauna Loa and Kilauea, the most active volcanic hotspots in the world? After all, what is happening under the Hawaiian Islands? Because of which, even after being so far from the boundaries of the tectonic plates, there are two of the most active volcanoes in the world. Well, to solve this mystery, when scientists made a map of all the active volcanic regions in the world, then they found out that all the tectonic plates are connecting at two places. One is Africa and the other is the Pacific.

Like literally, look at this hotspot map. Hawaii Island is in the Pacific, but these dry lava mountains called Siberian Traps and Deccan Traps, which are now visible in Russia and India, were also formed when Siberia was above the Icelandic hotspot. And India was above the Reunion hotspot.

That is, these two plates have shifted from their place. That is, all in all, there are two conclusions here. First, there is something below Africa and the Pacific Ocean that is giving birth to these hotspots.

And second, it is possibly in the mantle. Because even if the tectonic plates present on the crust move forward, these hotspots are not moving forward. So in this case, what was that thing that is below Africa and the Pacific Ocean and in the mantle? Well, the only way to find that out was to find a way to get into the mantle somehow.

Because obviously, digging a straight pit was not an option. I mean, when Russia also dug the Kola Superdeep Borehole, they were only able to reach below 12 km. This means that if I compare the surface of the earth with my palm, then the depression of the lines on my palm, we have not been able to dig so deep yet.

It is clear that the scientists needed a better technique. And then some curious scientists from the US took entry here. Actually, by the late 70s, the study of earthquakes was catching a lot of trend in the scientific community.

So some scientists from the US thought, why not penetrate the depths of the earth through earthquakes? How did the scientists map the interiors of the earth with earthquake detection technology? So look, when an earthquake comes, the whole earth starts vibrating. That is, some waves that come out have the power to go beyond the inside of the earth. So in this case, the US scientists thought that by studying these waves, a map of the interiors of the earth can be made.

And the full responsibility of this mapping was taken by MIT professor Kitee Akin, who measured the speed of seismic waves generated by earthquakes and discovered those alien blobs. Actually, the scene of seismic waves is such that these waves travel at different speeds from different mediums. So by recording this speed variation, they made a 2D map of the interiors of the earth.

As I said, these waves also change their speed when the medium changes. So the initial prediction of the scientists was that the speed of those waves would remain constant throughout while passing through the mantle. But then, the results of the experiments were completely different.

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While passing through the mantle below Africa and the Pacific regions, suddenly the speed of these waves decreased. That is, there was something else in the mantle that collided and changed the speed of those waves. After doing a detailed investigation, it was found that below Africa and the Pacific, there are two structures like sand pillars visible in a desert, which are as big as a continent.

And then after these discoveries, the scientists named the African blob Tuzo and the Pacific one Jason. And after this discovery, they moved to the next step, that is, to find the connection between the hotspots and those alien blobs. Is it the blobs that are giving birth to these hotspots or is it just a coincidence? To explain the origin of these blobs, two geophysicists of the famous Max Planck Institute in Germany in 1994, U R Christensen and A. W. Hoffman, presented a theory.

According to them, 200 million years ago, when the Pangea supercontinent was breaking, at that time, the oceanic crust of the earth was stuck under the continental crust due to its high density. And eventually, it reached the mantle. After this, when it melted due to the extreme temperature and pressure in the mantle, the particles of water present in it came in contact with the iron present in the core and turned into iron peroxide.

And because the molecules of iron peroxide are denser than lava, they settled on the boundary of the core and mantle. And over time, they made such blobs like two strange structures there. And because these blobs have kept dense materials like iron peroxide with them for a long time, they overload and tear the dense material crust and break out over time, creating hotspots.

That is, they have even crossed level 2 so far. Scientists now knew that 1. Most of the hotspots are in Africa and the Pacific region. 2. There are two huge blobs under these hotspots.

And 3. These two blobs are giving birth to hotspots. Now it was time to go to level 3. You can see that the theory of Christensen and Hoffman was able to tell how these blobs were formed. But this theory still had a missing answer.

It was not able to tell why these blobs were specifically formed under Africa and the Pacific region. They could have been formed somewhere else. Now see, many scientists thought a lot about it in those days.

They believed that as far as we know, let's find a theory that can build on it. And well, they didn't know that this thought was going to take them to a dead end very soon. Actually, I was thinking to those scientists that it was as easy to connect hotspots with blobs, it would be as easy to connect blobs with Africa and the Pacific.

But then, all the theories they gave, they were not able to connect the three elements of hotspots, blobs and Africa-Pacific. And finally, amongst all this chaos, in 2021, a completely different theory came out. The claim of this theory was that the blobs were actually pieces of an alien planet, Theia.

And supporting researchers claimed that they have proof of this. Now, let me explain. See, in 2021, the geophysicist of Caltech University, Qian Yuan and his team published a theory.

According to them, about 4.5 billion years ago, the Earth was much smaller than it is today. But then, a planet as big as Mars collides with Theia. And because of that terrible collision, number one, the Earth tilts on its axis.

Number two, a large piece of Theia breaks and becomes our moon. And number three, its remaining pieces are trapped inside the Earth. Actually, Yuan said that after this collision, the Earth melted completely.

And because the density of Theia was higher than that of the Earth, and that's why its pieces stuck to the lower part of the Earth, i.e. our core. On top of that, as far as their current location is concerned, an alternate research says that to stabilize this new tilted rotation of the Earth, these blobs must have aligned with each other diametrically opposite, i.e. in Africa and the Pacific. After all, this is what happens in gyroscopes.

Their internal organs make different movements and adjustments to balance out the rotation of the gyroscope. So, is this it? Did the Theia theory finally get accepted? Did the theory of hotspots, blobs, and Africa-Pacific connect the three? Well, technically, yes. Because we know where the blobs came from.

We also know why they are in Africa and the Pacific. And then, if we connect the theory of the oceanic crust, then we also know why these hotspots are formed. Meaning, we now have the explanation of all those things that we needed.

Just one thing. Proof. What is the evidence that this theory is true? Do we have any evidence that an alien planet like Theia would have ever existed? Well, Chian Yuan and his team claim that they have proof.

They say that when they made a computer simulation to test their hypothesis, in which they made a planet as big as Mars, similar to the chemical composition of the moon, and then collided it with the earth, then what happened in the simulation was exactly what they had predicted in the hypothesis. Meaning, a large part of Theia really became the moon in their simulation. The earth also melted due to that collision, and then the remaining pieces of Theia reached the core mantle boundary of the earth due to its high density, which is the exact scene that we see of our earth today.

Meaning, due to this theory of Chian Yuan, we finally have a scientific answer to the origin of these blobs. And possibly, it is also true. The only problem is, unfortunately, we still have to take it as a theory.

And you know, what is the reason? Well, to prove the remaining claim of our Theia, the computer simulation that Yuan has made, the chemical composition of Theia is just a guesswork in a way. Because we still do not know about the complete chemical composition of the moon. We only have proper data of its upper soil samples.

So, in this way, making a simulated model of Theia from this incomplete data set, I think there is a chance of margin of error here. However, we cannot completely exclude it. Because that simulated model justifies the existence of those blobs to a good level.

Besides, Yuan and his team also know very well about this loophole of their simulation. And that is why they are currently waiting to get the rock samples of the moon from NASA's Artemis mission. Eventually, they will match those samples with the blobs and try to prove that the blobs are actually a part of Theia or not.

And this brings us to that one final question. Which is, even if they get the rock samples of Artemis, how will Yuan compare the blobs hidden in the mantle of our earth with them? You know, this is the question that excited me the most in today's content. Because Yuan is going to compare the rock samples of the moon with the blobs.

This is a future project. This means that no process of how they will do this has been mentioned anywhere yet. I mean, we had to put our own guess here as to what the process would be.

So, before I answer this myself, would you like to try it? Come on, if you have an answer, comment it down below. Trust me, the answer is in whatever we have learned so far. And we realized this later on.

So, hopefully, whatever answer you think, you must have written in the comment section below. Now, let's move towards the answer. You must remember that we talked about the theory of subducted oceanic crust, which tells the connection between the hotspots and the blobs.

Well, look at this. It is clearly written here that due to the fact that the blobs stay at the same place, over time, the different variants of isotopes present in those blobs, i.e. elements, start to concentrate. And then after that, mantle plumes, i.e. the lava that comes out of the hotspots tearing the mantle, these isotopes are recycled and dry lava stones are formed.

That is, we do not need to dig up to the mantle to match the stones of the moon and the blob. Just collect the samples of dry lava stones, i.e. basalt rocks, near active hotspots like Hawaii Island, and identify the chemical composition of the blobs through them. And lastly, match them with the composition of the rock samples of the moon.

As simple as that. And which makes me think, is science really as hard and complicated as the world tells us? I mean, according to me, science is not a subject, but a way of thinking, an approach to solving a problem, a perspective, which makes us feel excited by looking at every challenging situation, every unsolved question. And once we find the answer, we feel so achievement-like, but we also have personal growth here.

And we can also use this same scientific approach in our lives to solve our problems. Having said that, there is another geological problem, and it is directly related to you and me, we Indians. Basically, in simple words, India is literally splitting.

Recently, Chinese researchers found that because of some unknown phenomenon, our Indian tectonic plate is breaking into two parts, leading scientists to believe that it is possible that our northern states and even the Himalayan mountains will be destroyed in a few centuries. And well, I have also covered this topic in great detail in this content, that what exactly is happening in the Indian tectonic plates, and why do scientists believe that the North Indian belt can be destroyed in the future. So click over here and check out that Content..

And friends, if you have learned anything new from this content, then do drop a like, and follow my blog . See you next time, till then, as always, stay curious and keep learning. 

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