"Life and Death on Mars: The Violent History of the Red Planet"

 Did Life Exist On Mars?

3.7 billion years ago, the early life was about to end. The reason was the tremendous impact, the dangerous changes in the climate, and the complete collapse of the atmosphere, which turned heaven into hell. But this story is not of Earth, but of Mars. And this is a violent history of the first life forms of our solar system. Do these Martians still exist? Is it possible that they are living among us?

Science Fact Show presents: Life and Death on the Red Planet. Scientists believe that life may have once lived on Mars. The barren areas we see today were probably inhabited by Martians a long time ago. If I have to bet on something valuable, if I have to bet on my car that there was life on Mars or if there was any evidence of life, then I will bet. There are many things in the universe that create life. And these things could have gathered at one place on Mars.

If we talk about important things for life, then it is water, organic chemistry, stable surface, thick atmosphere. Well, they were all on Mars. The things needed to start life are all present on Mars. Life must have been on Mars. And we have sent a robot army there to find their signs. Our rovers, landers, and satellites have not yet found life there. But there is evidence of something extraordinary.

Mars has been the victim of many such devastating events that have had a great impact on this red planet. This makes us think that there must have been generations of Martians there. They must have been born one generation at a time. And they must have died because of the violent history of Mars. It seems that life must have started on Mars long ago. That is, as soon as its crust was so cold that life could flourish there.

The secret of this initial life must have been that crucial ingredient which was also present on the initial Earth. There used to be oceans on dry and harsh Mars. Carbon, energy source, and nutrients like nitrogen are needed for life to start. But they must have been present on Mars. And they can also be found on Earth. But the essential requirement for this is liquid water.

Just think, how would Mars have been 4.5 billion years ago? How would Mars have been? A solid crust would have formed due to the cooling of the molten rock. And the initial oceans would have formed due to the accumulation of water on the surface. Rain clouds would have passed over the steaming volcanic landscape. And Martians would have been born in the shallow pools of water.

Read This Also; The Hidden Of Mechanism Of The Mind; Consciousness And Decision Making,

But these initial aliens must have been simpler than our sci-fi movies. We are not talking about the small green men or women walking on the surface of Mars. We are talking about the single-celled life of many smaller and simpler creatures. They must be familiar with each other. They must look like the bacteria of the Earth. Small, tiny, round, and rod-shaped. If this generation of bacterial Martian life was really present, then it was the first life to be born in our solar system. It was born long before life came to Earth.

It must have started early due to the small size of Mars. Because Mars is smaller than Earth, it must have been much colder than Earth. In the very beginning of the life of the solar system, Mars must have looked like Earth. Whereas Earth was not like this at that time. Let's talk about 100 million years after the formation of the Sun. The surface of the initial Earth was still melted. But Martian life must have started flourishing in a small and cold world.

But the Martians would not have had much time to enjoy life. Because their death from space had departed them. This cosmic bomb was so big that it completely unbalanced the shape of the planet. It crushed the northern hemisphere of Mars. Most of the planets are round. And you don't think much about it. But it has been seen that Mars is not as round as it should be. The average elevation of its southern hemisphere is higher than the northern hemisphere. This means that if someone starts walking from the north pole and reaches the south pole, then he will keep climbing all the time.

So we call the difference between the northern and southern hemispheres as the Cruster Dichotomy on Mars. And this has been one of the biggest mysteries of this planet. This is the first thing that you will see and say, well, how can this be? In 2008, scientists mapping the surface of Mars realized the reason for a large hole in this planet, which is visible here in blue. This basin is the largest in the solar system. This would have been the result of a massive impact, which is called the Borealis Impact.

This made a crater 6,500 miles wide and 5 miles deep. It is so big that even after the whole of America settled in it, space will remain. Something really big must have happened. It seems that the entire half of the planet above has flown away. And this can only happen due to a big collision. We are talking about a collision that happened with Pluto. Here we are talking about an impact that destroyed dinosaurs 65 million years ago.

Also Read This;- "The Shocking Reality of Mexico's Alien Discovery – Uncovered!"

So this must not have been a small collision. 4.5 billion years ago, the solar system was full of asteroids, which survived during the process of Mars and Earth. Such an asteroid was very big and it was moving straight to collide with Mars. In this way, only a few seconds would have been left for the microscopic Martians to survive. If such an impact starts happening today and we are present to see it, then we will see another moon in the sky first.

And when you look at it again, you will say that it is getting bigger. By the time it comes down, it must have filled the entire sky to one or the other horizon. And even while colliding with the surface, it must have been present in its top space. The width of this thing must have been 1200 miles. And while colliding, the energy of the impact must have shaken Mars. The whole planet must have become like a jelly.

By the time it comes down, it must have collided with the surface of Mars at the speed of a gun bullet. By the time it collides with the surface, its shock wave must have been greater than any earthquake recorded so far. It must have been like a rock tsunami. By the time it comes down, everything must have been destroyed. The impact must have been great. By this, about half of the planet's surface must have flown and reached space.

And from the remaining crust, a boiling lake of lava must have formed. With such a strong impact, almost the entire planet must have melted. It cannot be called a planet breaking event. It should be called a planet melting event. It must have sterilized the planet. The surface of Mars has melted. Its atmosphere has flown and reached space. Its oceans have boiled over.

If the first generation of life on our solar system was present on Mars, then it is now over. It would have taken 50 million years for the surface of Mars to recover from the impact. But what qualities does a planet need to recover from destruction? New powerful evidence shows that important conditions for life must have returned to Mars. But has life ever returned?

4.5 billion years ago, a Pluto-sized asteroid hit the surface of infant Mars. This melted the planet's surface.

The atmosphere flew and reached space. And the oceans boiled over. If life had set foot on the planet, it would have been completely extinct.

But some scientists think that this extinction must have lasted for a while. And maybe life must have started again. It is surprising to think that maybe life did not start there once.

This will not be a one-time thing. Maybe everything is over there. But maybe life started again.

Then it got extinct. Ten million years after the Borealis impact, Mars must have cooled down so much that its surface became solid again. There must have been almost everything necessary for life on this planet.But there was still something missing. The surface of Mars was dry and without water. So life could not have started here.

It was difficult for the second generation of Mars to be born. As far as we know, water is a fundamental requirement for life. Year 2004.

NASA's Opportunity rover lands on Mars. One part of its mission was to find out if water was seen on Mars again after the Borealis impact. Soon Opportunity saw a strange object on the surface of a fossilized sand dune.These were strange and round metallic rocks. These rocks are called blueberries. And this is an important find for a planetary geologist like Jenny Redebaugh.

Because fossilized sand dunes were also present on Earth. And a lot of blueberries are also seen in Utah's dunes. This is very exciting because we have seen exactly the same thing on Mars.Blueberries are nodules of iron oxide, which are formed at the depth of the earth. Such iron nodules are important to be formed on Mars. Because they must have been formed after melting on the planet due to the Borealis impact.

And they are made of water. To make such small blueberries, it is necessary that a lot of water flows down from the sand dunes. And then it brings the iron oxide present around every sand grain with it.This small ball will also have about one ounce of iron. It may be more than that. But such a blueberry can hold one ounce of iron only when it contains 1000 gallons of water.

Blueberries are formed at a very deep depth in the sandstone. But due to wind erosion for thousands of years, soft rock is eroded. Only blueberries remain.If we go to the age of this pile of blueberries, we will see the process through which it comes out of the rock. You can see what is inside these blueberries. Fossil layers of sandstone. The wind is blowing in this direction. On the surface, it is coming out of the soft sandstone. You can see the dense iron nodule here.

And when it comes out of the rock, it is collapsing under the mountain and accumulating in the middle of the layers. We know that we have also got such conditions on Mars. There is a layer of fossil sand dunes here.Blueberries are scattered on the surface here. So we know that what happened here must have happened on Mars as well. Iron must have been collected in the flowing water on the surface of the rocks. And there must have been strong winds there. Fossil sand dunes must have been eroded by them. Blueberries on the surface of Mars could have been formed only when there was water on this red planet.

And after this catastrophic impact, it would have got its atmosphere back. Due to the presence of liquid water on the surface, all the necessary things for life must have been found once again. So that a second generation of Martians can be born.

A little above the valley, a little ahead of the fossilized dunes, there is another geological feature, which is also found on Mars. And this can tell us how much water must have returned to the red planet after the Borealis impact. This space is very narrow, but it is amazing.

You can see how straight and vertical these balls are. This is the way to experience a slot canyon. Such slot canyons begin with a small crack in the surface of the earth.When the tectonic plates shift, a strong pressure develops in the rock and then it divides into two parts. This is even deeper here. In the upper part, this crack is even narrower.

From one part to the other, this wall is completely straight. This is really beautiful. Due to the tectonic activity, small cracks can occur on the surface.

But to turn these cracks into wide, deep canyons, something else is needed. The previous place was very narrow. But here, in the lower part of the canyons, the place is very wide.

Now, only tectonic activity cannot be responsible for making this crack wider. Something else must have been needed. And maybe that is water.

A lot of water must have flowed from this place, which must have brought sand and gravel with it. And the sandstones have been carved from it. These swooping patterns that you can see here, all this has been made by flowing water.

Slot canyons are dry right now. But flash floods often make this area their prey. As a result, the fast-flowing water flows through the canyons and makes them wider and deeper.

That is, such slot canyons that we see today. Scientists have also seen such canyons on Mars. Which is evidence that even before four billion years, there was a lot of water on this planet after the Borealis impact.But where did this water come from? Maybe it was on this planet. Water is found in a lot of volume. We know that there is a lot of water in the mantle of the earth.

If there is water at this depth, then it is also possible that the water on Mars may have been in the depth. And after this catastrophe, it came out. Scientists have also been using seismic waves of earthquakes on the earth to find out the water hidden in the minerals.

Such a water source may be hiding hundreds of miles deep in Mars after the impact. And volcanoes may have brought this water back to the surface. Water can also reach from the planet's surface to the top through geological activities.

Volcanoes are also included in them. Volcanoes keep removing a lot of gases from the earth, including water vapor. And we also saw volcanoes on Mars.

The largest volcanoes in the solar system are present on Mars. The largest of them is Olympus Mons, which is also from Mount Everest. It is three times higher.

Four point four nine billion years ago, volcanoes began to erupt lava in the atmosphere. And then water also. This caused dangerous rainstorms, which filled the surface of Mars.

For thousands of years, Mars became a water world. Once again, the right conditions were created here for the second generation of Martians to be born. You will think that just like there was a massive collision on Mars, life will end after that.

But maybe the situation is not that simple. It is possible that after the impact of the asteroid, a new cycle of Mars life may have started. According to the theory, four billion years ago, life was present on two planets in the solar system.

Because life began on Earth 140 million miles away. Life began on Earth. And because Earth was a stable planet, humans like us were going to evolve here one day.

But the situation on Mars was completely different. Evidence from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter shows that there was going to be an icy apocalypse. Winters were about to begin for the second generation of Mars.For thousands of years, humans have been wondering if there was life on Mars. But since the 1960s, our understanding of the red planet has increased. Because a robot army of probes and landers is exploring the surface of Mars in a completely new way.

Mars is a super planet in every way. And it is not because of the red planet or the Martians. Actually, Mars is the only planet on which only robots are present.

We have sent many tools there. At the moment, a nuclear-powered, laser-shooting, highly developed robot of the size of a car is present there. Robots are looking for signs of life.

At the same time, these are such powerful scientific instruments that tell scientists how habitable Mars is and how it was in the past. There are many orbiters around this planet. There are many landers on the planet.And because of them, we are able to categorize Mars top to bottom. We did not have this capability before. And we are not doing this on any other planet of the solar system.Our Earth is also included in them. Because of the robot army, scientists are making a timeline of the life history of these two planets of the solar system. Four billion years ago, life began on Earth.And life may have started on a small Mars for the second time. It is possible that life was on Mars before Earth and it was wiped out. And it started again when water came to the planet.

In 2008, NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter investigates under the surface of Mars. Its ground-penetrating instruments excavated under the surface and wanted to uncover the geological secrets of Mars. While scanning the equator, the orbiter found something that should not have been there.

It was a big underground glacier. Its width was one mile, and it was three times larger than Los Angeles. Ice on such a large scale should only settle on frigid poles.  

There could have been only one reason for this. Mars may have turned upside down, and its equator may have gone away from the Sun. This slope in the axis of Mars has gradually increased, and that too in a non-systematic way. There is no system of movement in this. So, there are some models that show that perhaps Mars must have bent on its edge. Most planets wobble.  

And at times, they wobble so much that they can turn upside down, which can cause super winters. If something like this happens on Earth, then Los Angeles can become an Arctic. Now, if something like this happened on Mars, then how big this change must have been. We are used to seeing the Sun in the sky every day. It gives us heat and a lot of water. But if a planet starts to bend, the Sun will not be visible at the same height in the sky.  

Then you may not be able to see the rising Sun for six months, and the water will also freeze and become solid. 3.9 billion years ago, Mars may have bent to 80 degrees. The temperature of the winters may have fallen to minus 87 degrees Celsius.  

As the polar ice sheets increased, Mars must have completely frozen. So, can there still be Martians there? The water that drives the biochemistry of life freezes inside small bacteria. Ice crystals are formed, and puncturing the cell walls of the Martians must have killed them.  

In every 120,000 years, the tilt of Mars keeps changing. And that's why the Martians freeze in the ice again and again and sometimes get free of it. If there is a second generation of life on Mars, it will be in a bad condition. But here on Earth, the situation must have been easy for our ancient ancestors. The Earth's movement and its seasons remain quite stable. And our oversized Moon helps us in this regard.  

Due to the interaction of our planet and the Moon, the axis of our rotation remains very stable. Seasons come one after the other every year, every century, for billions of years. Our Earth faces a very strong gravitational pull due to the massive mass of our Moon. Due to this, our climate is in control despite the fluctuation of our planet. If there were no Moon, our early Earth would have been unstable like Mars. And our ancestors would have had to endure ice ages like the early Martians.  

The Moon of Mars is not very big. It has two small moons, which do not have much effect on it. So, if the Martians did not die from a major impact the first time, they would have died the second time due to the instability of Mars.  

And then they would have died due to super summers and super winters. It would have been a big climate change. The life on Mars would have been wiped out due to the brutal conditions.  

It would have also adapted and evolved because of them. We know this because organisms called extremophiles on Earth have adapted to survive even in the most difficult situations. They also endure very cold glacial ice and very hot hydrothermal vents.  

They say, when the going gets tough, life seems to get tougher. Perhaps the Martian super winters must have created a third generation of life. It would be such a super tough species that could endure the harshest changes in climate.  

We have seen on Earth that life adapts to its environment. And it takes time to evolve. So, with a changing environment, life also changes. If sudden changes occur, then life forms cannot adapt quickly, and many species die. The survivors continue. 3.8 billion years ago, perhaps on the surface of Mars, the third generation of life would have come into existence.  

It would have evolved from its countless predecessors so that it could withstand the super winters of Mars. It would have been the toughest Martian life so far. But when the super winters ended, the survival challenges on Mars would have become even harder.  

Then another extinction-level event would have begun. 

Then another event of extinct level would have started. Then the atmosphere of Mars would have ended. So could the Martians have been cleansed from this event? Just imagine 3.8 billion years ago Mars.  

Then it would have been a warm and wet world. And here the super tough bacterial life would have flourished. But these Martians were not the first inhabitants of the planet.  

Read This Also;- Who lived On Earth Before Human?

The first generation of Martians would have become dust due to the powerful Borealis impact. Perhaps life would have started from zero again. But it would have had to endure many powerful changes of the planet.  

And only the toughest Martians could face them. But now another devastation was about to come. And it was going to test even the strongest Martians.  

It was going to take away the most important ingredient of life from them. That is Liquid Water. It is important to understand how difficult it is to have liquid water on the surface of a planet.  

We know that if there is liquid water around, life is very easy. But the balance of air pressure and temperature should also be right. If there is no air pressure, then liquid water will evaporate from the surface of a planet.  

No matter what the temperature is. Due to the presence of an atmosphere, this air pressure is generated. This atmosphere plays the role of a lid in many mines.  

It prevents water from going into space. That is why it is very important to have an atmosphere. 3.7 billion years ago, there were hot water oceans and a thick atmosphere on Earth.  

But the third extension level event on Mars was catching up. The atmosphere was slowly disappearing. And the great oceans of Mars were flying like steam.  

Now both the planets were destined to stick to their magnetic force. It was found that the existence of the Earth's atmosphere can stick to the magnetic field. Because our magnetic field saves us from the storm of subatomic particles.  

Which always moves from the sun to us. And this is called solar wind. And if we did not have a magnetic field to catch and deflect these particles easily, they would directly collide with the Earth's atmosphere.  

Read This Also;- Modicare: A Comprehensive Review of Its Direct Selling Model, MLM System, Benefits, and Product Quality