Pre History Of Middle East: Who Were There Before Muslim?
"The Rise of Islam From Pre Islamic Arabia to the Islamic Empire"
Do you believe that the Islamic shrine in the Middle East, Kaaba, was once a place where the idols of 360 different deities were worshipped. But just for this one reason, today the entire Middle East has become a Muslim-dominated region.
Year 570 CE, about 40 years before the birth of Islam, and at the time of the birth of Prophet Muhammad, Arabia looked like this. On one side there were Christians and on the other side Parsis. But on the mainland of Arabia, there were many tribes of Kabils, who did not have any religion, but their rituals were very strange.
One of these Kabils was Bedouin Kabila. Bedouins had a very strange tradition, that after the death of their father, all their wives, all their wealth, were given to their sons as inheritance. This Kabila used to call his chiefs as Sheikhs, and some experts also believe that the Sheikh surnames of today, are derived from this Kabila.
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Apart from this, there was another strange tradition of Bedouins, they used to bury their newly born daughters alive. They believed that by doing this, they could keep their daughters safe from the attacks of other Kabils. Because as I told you, the land of Arabia was divided into many regions.
And interestingly, Mecca, which is the holiest place of Muslims today, was inhabited by Jewish tribes at that time. Apart from this, in the northern areas of Arabia, there were two tribes, one of which followed totemism. Now, because there were nomadic tribes all over Arabia, and that's why there were very few cities there.
The two most developed and well-settled cities were Mecca and Medina. Now if we talk about Medina, then this city was called the Incense Root at that time, and it was very well connected to the Red Sea. That's why it was very rich, because there was a very good trade here.
But the importance of Mecca was much higher than that of Medina at that time. Because the Kaaba Shrine was present there. Now in the Kaaba at that time, as I told you, pay attention, there were statues of 360 deities of all Arabian Kabils.
And shockingly, experts also say that in these statues, the statues of Allah, Jesus and Mother Mary were also present. We also find a mention of this in the book of Greek historian Diodorus Siculus, which clearly explains that the Kaaba Shrine was just as important before Islam. Then in the 4th century AD, it came under the control of a tribe called Mecca-Quraysh, which again was a tribe that worshipped statues.
Now at that time, it used to happen that if a caravan of a Kabila passed through the area of another Kabila, then often that Kabila would loot their people. And this was also a very important reason at that time that the cities there were not developing much. Because their neighbors were not keeping good relations with them.
But an interesting thing happened in Mecca. After the arrival of the Quraysh tribe in Mecca, Mecca suddenly started to flourish and became a no-war zone. Because the Quraysh signed a peace agreement with the Byzantine Empire and the Bedouins and obtained a safe passage for the caravans.
Now interestingly, a unique ritual was also established in Arabia under their rule, the No-War Month. In this ritual, they used to come together in any specific month of the year and gather in the Kaaba, where they used to forget all the fights and quarrels between them and drink the water of Zamzam well there, which was a symbol of unity and sacredness between them. Now this ritual was exactly like today's Ramadan month, which was strictly followed by all the Arabians of that time.
So much so that maybe for the security of the caravan participating in this ritual, one tribe used to get a contract. But even more interesting is that there were many scientific reasons behind drinking Zamzam water. Yes, this water contains Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium and Calcium, which are rich minerals and nutrients that help our body grow.
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And now as we were talking about the rituals of Zamzam well, how a tribe got a contract for the security of the caravan. And this contract again proves how important it was that a war broke out on this contract in 590 AD. The thing was that once a tribe of Arabia, the chief of the Lakhmid tribe, gave the responsibility of the security of his caravan to a local tribe.
But at the same time, there was another tribe who desperately wanted its responsibility. The Hashim tribe, who lived in the Mecca of the Prophet Muhammad. Now there was an uproar in this chaos, and in this anger, the Hashim tribe waged a war.
The Al-Tajar War. In this war, the Prophet Muhammad himself fought at the age of 15. And he was involved in this war because his uncle Abu Talib used to be the leader of the Hashim tribe.
And he raised the Prophet Muhammad. And then ten years after the Al-Tajar war, the Prophet Muhammad married a rich and affluent widow Khadija, after which his status in the Meccan society became very high. And then after 20 years of this marriage, the Prophet Muhammad began to hear some mysterious voices.
To avoid these voices, the Prophet started looking for solitude on Mount Hira. But then it is said that one day, at the same place, he saw intense light from the sky, and then he heard a voice that told him that he is the messenger of God, and he has to spread Islam to the people. After this vision, for the first three years, the Prophet Muhammad followed Islam alone.
After which his wife became the first person to consider Muhammad a prophet. Then after a while, his close relatives also started considering him a prophet, and they all converted to Islam. Now after their close ones, the Prophet also started spreading this religion in the Meccan society.
And the first converts of this new religion were three major groups, in which the first group was of the sons of merchants, in the second group were all those who were removed from their deserving positions in their tribes, and in the third group, all the weak and all the foreigners were converted to Islam. Now seeing so many people convert to Islam, the ruling of Mecca, the Quraysh tribe was upset. And because it was Mecca's religious political authority, and this new religion was challenging their authority, and that's why to save their position, they offered Prophet Muhammad a prominent position in the merchant group and to get him married.
But the Prophet rejected it. On the contrary, he started propagating Islam even more. But by doing this, the anger in the Quraysh tribe increased so much that they even killed some of Muhammad's followers.
But their real intention was to kill the Prophet. But they could not do this, because the Prophet was completely safe in the protection of his uncle, who was the leader of the Hashim tribe. But then in 1619 AD, his uncle and wife died suddenly.
And because of this, the protection was also removed from Prophet Muhammad. Now Prophet Muhammad had no choice but to leave Mecca. But fortunately, just at that time, the Prophet was invited to the Madinah tribe, who wanted the Prophet to solve the fight between the Jewish and Arab tribes that had been going on for many years.
But there was another reason to invite them there. The Madinah tribes wanted to make Madinah the second religious center. And that was only possible with the arrival of a Prophet like Muhammad.
After this invitation, Muhammad and his followers reached Madinah and they were also successful in resolving the years-long fight. They signed a peace treaty between the two, the Constitution of Madinah, under which reconciliation was made between the eight Madinah tribes. But along with that, they also signed an agreement between these tribes and Muslims that they would all be united.
After this, the Madinah tribes promised that they would save Muhammad and Muslims from external attacks. By the way, all the Madinah were happy with this treaty, but there were some capable leaders who were against this treaty. But by that time, Prophet Muhammad had become so influential that he removed those leaders and converted their people to Islam.
And in this way, the Muslims had settled in Madinah, but there were still small fights between them and the Quraish. The Muslims continued to attack the Quraish caravan passing through Madinah. But then finally, in the year 624 AD, a very big battle took place in the valley of Badr, in which a very big victory of the Muhammadan army took place.
And then the Prophet also won Mecca and established an Islamic state in Arabia for the first time. But only eight years after this victory, the Prophet died. And as soon as the Prophet died, Mecca was in turmoil.
Many converts began to leave Islam, because Prophet Muhammad had not chosen anyone to give direction to the Islamic religion. Seeing the state of the newly formed Islamic state of Mecca, Prophet Muhammad's son-in-law and friend Abu Bakr decided to save Islam and took the situation into his own hands. First of all, he took military action against the communities that were leaving Islam and stopped the revolts in Mecca.
After this incident, there was a little peace in the community and Abu Bakr became the first caliph of Islam. And this is where Rashidun Caliphate began. Abu's successor spread Islam throughout Arabia with the help of his army, after which many different caliphs came and Islam spread far and wide.
Now friends, there was a time when the Islamic Empire spread from India to Spain. The same Spain where today 98% of the population is Christian. But at that time, Islam ruled for thousands of years.
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