Unraveling Time: A Journey Through Stephen Hawking’s 'A Brief History of Time'"
Analysis On St. Hawking's Book , "A Brief History Of Time "
Time—a thing that turns a king into a color and a color into a king. But what is it? Was there a beginning to it? Can we control time? Can we control our past and future? Is time the same for everyone? It seems so.
Then why does time run very slowly when we approach the speed of light? Can it become a time machine? Are there aliens? How was the universe created? Where will it end? What is the history of pyramids? What is physics? Where will we end up? And how are today's inventions already written in mythology 10,000 years ago?
We will know all these answers today. I hope all of you are doing well. Welcome to my blogger Website.
My name is Subhash Chhetri, This is going to be a miraculous lecture. You will get to know some amazing things that you have never heard before. And you are going to be surprised.
We will be discussing Stephen Hawking, one of the greatest scientists of our era, who was the head of his department at Cambridge, England. Today, we are going to review his best-selling book, A Brief History of Time. We will talk a lot about time.
We don't have much time, so let's get straight to the point. This is Part 1 of the lecture. There will be two parts—I am bringing Part 1 today, and Part 2 will be available soon. The English version will also be available soon.
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Now, you may wonder—if his body didn't work, then how did he write books? How did he give lectures at universities? Well, he used a high-tech wheelchair worth crores. It had an LED computer screen and a keypad in his hand. Whatever he thought, he typed using the keypad, and it appeared on the screen. This is how his words were decoded.
We will explore all these things today.
The Highlights
We will discuss physics, from classical physics to quantum physics, and understand how the universe was created.
- The Big Bang Theory
- Black holes
- Space-time—the most fascinating concept
- Stephen Hawking's dream—the Theory of Everything
All the scientists in the world are looking for one ultimate theory that explains everything. Imagine a single theory that could explain the entire universe! But does such a theory exist yet? Will it ever be discovered?
The Three Ages of Scientific Revolution
The history of the world has seen immense transformation. But three things have changed the world entirely:
- Electricity – When electricity was discovered, it revolutionized the world.
- Networking – The internet and communication networks have taken human progress to a different level.
- Nanotechnology – The future is nano, and it is already here!
Stephen Hawking's Life
Born in 1942 in Oxford, England, Stephen Hawking was a British scientist. But today, we are not reviewing his autobiography. If you want to know more about his life, watch his Oscar-winning movie, The Theory of Everything, starring Eddie Redmayne.
Even as a child, Hawking was brilliant. But his journey was incredibly challenging. Imagine a person who couldn’t walk, yet became one of the greatest minds in history!
At the young age of 23-24, doctors told him he had only 2-3 months to live. But he defied all odds, thanks to his strong willpower and intellect. The mind is a universe in itself—just like the galaxies in space, our thoughts are infinite.
Hawking not only survived but went on to make groundbreaking contributions to physics.
What is Physics?
Physics is the study of the universe. But what is the universe? Matter. And what is matter? Electrons and protons. So, physics is essentially the study of electrons and protons.
Today, scientists are trying to pinpoint the exact position of an electron. But since electrons move incredibly fast, it is impossible to determine their precise location. Instead, we calculate probabilities.
For example, imagine you're running randomly in a city. The police can't track your exact location, so they estimate where you are most likely to be. Similarly, we estimate the probability of an electron’s position.
This concept is the foundation of modern technology—your smartphones, TVs, and digital devices all work on these principles.
Classical vs. Quantum Physics
Physics is divided into two branches:
- Classical Physics – Includes Newton's laws, mechanics, and electricity (studied in school).
- Quantum Physics – Studies particles at the atomic level, including their position and energy.
The biggest difference?
- Classical physics
says: If you throw a ball at a wall, it will bounce back. - Quantum physics says: There is a tiny chance that the ball will pass through the wall!
Why? Because in quantum mechanics, particles behave like waves, and wave functions define their behavior. The famous Schrödinger equation helps solve these wave functions and gives us the "Aadhaar card" of an electron—all its information in one equation!
Einstein's Theory of Relativity
Einstein changed everything with his famous equation:
m = m₀ / √(1 - v²/c²)
This equation proves that time is relative. Newton believed time was absolute (same for everyone), but Einstein proved time changes based on speed and gravity.
For example:
Imagine you're sitting on a train moving at the speed of light. If your brother drops you off at 11:00 AM and you travel for one hour, you feel like only an hour has passed. But when you return, your brother has aged 100 years!
This is called Time Dilation, a mind-blowing effect of relativity.
How Was the Universe Created?
You’ve heard of the Big Bang Theory (not the TV show, but the actual theory).
Scientists observed that the universe is expanding. This led to the idea that, if we rewind time, everything must have started from a single point—a Singularity.
A Singularity is a tiny, infinitely dense point that eventually exploded, leading to the formation of the universe.
But here’s the catch—space itself began with the Big Bang! Before that, there was no space, no time—nothing.
The Future: Big Crunch or Infinite Expansion?
- If the universe keeps expanding, it may go on forever.
- But if gravity pulls everything back, the universe might collapse into another Big Crunch, leading to another Big Bang!
This cycle of expansion and contraction is called the Oscillating Universe Theory.
Some even suggest we are in a simulation, like The Matrix, and the universe is just a computer program. But for now, the Big Bang Theory is the most accepted explanation.
Planets and stars are formed due to gravitational effects. The Big Bang happens, which is highly unstable, leading to the collapse of matter over time. When a celestial body is formed—be it a star or a planet—it sometimes collapses.
During the Big Bang, the Earth was extremely hot. Over time, it cooled down, allowing the atmosphere to form. Earth has an atmosphere because of its active core, which generates the magnetic field necessary to maintain it. In contrast, Mars lacks an atmosphere because its core has cooled down. Without an atmosphere, harmful radiation would penetrate, destroying everything, as seen on Mars.
Mars once had life, but as its core cooled down, the atmosphere disappeared. The Earth's core acts as a fuel, running the planet’s systems. This core generates a magnetic field, which in turn maintains the atmosphere, protecting us from harmful radiation. If the core were to cool down completely, life on Earth would be in danger. However, this process will take millions of years, as the universe and the galaxy are still young.
Stars, like celestial bodies, have life cycles. When a star reaches the end of its life, it collapses and condenses into a singularity, forming a black hole—an intriguing and complex phenomenon. The concepts of the Big Bang and Big Crunch illustrate this cosmic process. Imagine standing at the North Pole and walking south; as you move, the Earth appears to expand, but as you approach the South Pole, it contracts again. Similarly, the universe is expanding now, but eventually, it may contract.
The theory of the universe’s eventual collapse is not certain, but it is one possibility. Science does not fully explain everything—there are forces beyond our understanding. We have explored only about 10% of physics, while 90% remains unknown, including dark matter, which we cannot see or fully comprehend. Despite our advancements, humanity still has much to learn.
Every process in the universe follows a mechanism, whether it is the decomposition of an organism or the functioning of our bodies. This suggests an underlying order, leading some to believe in a greater force. The universe does not operate randomly; something is directing it.
Space and time are interconnected. To locate something, we use coordinates—x, y, and z—but time is also considered the fourth dimension. Einstein revolutionized physics by merging space and time into a single concept. His greatest contribution, the equation **E = mc²**, transformed our understanding of relativity.
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Relativity explains that an object's position depends on the observer’s perspective. The speed of light, **3 × 10⁸ m/s**, is a fundamental constant in physics. As objects approach this speed, time slows down. For instance, if someone travels at the speed of light in a spaceship, they may experience only a day, while 200 years pass on Earth—making them a time traveler. However, reaching the speed of light is impossible, making this purely theoretical.
Einstein also introduced the idea of space-time curvature. Imagine stretching a bedsheet from all sides and placing a heavy object in the center; the sheet bends under the weight. Similarly, massive objects warp space-time, affecting the movement of other celestial bodies. This concept remains one of the most significant breakthroughs in modern physics.
Extra Dosage;-
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